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Association between Time Use Behaviour and Health and Well Being among...
Ageing is an inevitable demographic process occurring globally. Coming decades are projected to see a substantial increase in the elderly population and with rise in their number, the social, economic and health policy landscape for the elderly would also need upgradation in response to their needs. Thus identifying the drivers of health ...Divergent Policies for Convergence Clubs: A Study of Post-Reform Indian...
Should economies attempting to break out of low-growth convergence clubs adopt policies distinctly different from those in high-growth clubs? This paper proposes a framework that helps answer this question. To do this, we extend the logic of policy divergence from the growth transitions literature to the analysis of club convergence. We then ...Unreliable Public Water Supply and Coping Mechanisms of Low-Income...
India is reported to have the world’s highest inhabitants without access to safe drinking water.Even in the capital city Delhi, although around 81% of the households have access to piped water supply system, it does not indicate reliability in water supply in terms of quantity or quality. Households adopt various coping mechanisms ...Differential Growth Impact of FDI on LICs, LMICs, and ECs: The Role of...
FDI has been beneficial to developing countries through increased access to capital, technology, foreign markets, superior managerial skills, and other backward and forward spillover effects. However, the developmental implications of FDI are dependent on the absorptive capabilities and levels of development. In this context, we scientifically examine the impact of FDI on ...New Approaches to Forecasting Growth and Inflation: Big Data and Machine...
The use of big data and machine learning techniques is now very common in many spheres and there is growing popularity of these approaches in macroeconomic forecasting as well. Is big data and machine learning really useful in the prediction of macroeconomic outcomes? Are they superior in performance compared to their traditional ...Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC): Critical Issues and the Indian...
A large number of Central Banks around the world are planning to introduce Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) as a legal tender in their countries. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has also revealed similar plans with an Indian CBDC expected in the near future. Any evaluation of such a major change ...DO DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAPITAL INFLOWS HAVE DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT ON OUTPUT?...
Emerging market economies have experienced an unprecedented rise in cross-border capital flows and the existing literature provides us evidence of both expansionary and contractionary effects of inflows on domestic output. In this context, we make an attempt to answer the following questions: (1) Do capital inflows lead to expansionary or contractionary effect ...Financial Access and Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship and Employment:...
Can expansion of bank branch network reduce gender-gap in economic activity at the village level? To explore this issue, we construct a novel village-level panel data where we observe the financial access of each unbanked village in India defined as its distance to the nearest village/town with bank branch from 1951-2019; and ...Drivers of Corporate Investment Slowdown in India: A Firm Level Analysis
Majority of the existing literature has focused on examining the determinants of investment behaviour and the factors responsible for its slowdown at an aggregate level. There have only been a few studies analysing investment behaviour at firm level, and those are confined to the manufacturing sector using static panel models. In this ...Investment Slowdown in India: Role of Fiscal-Monetary policy and Economic...
The current study attempts to understand the determinants of investment and the underlying reasons for its current slowdown in India. For the purpose, we estimate the investment functions by using the ARDL bounds-testing approach on quarterly data from 2004-05Q1 to 2019-20Q1 at three levels – aggregate investment, private investment and private corporate ...Economy’s response to Rainfall and Economic factors
Agriculture, known to be particularly sensitive to rainfall, helps determine GDP by its own performance and through its linkages with the industrial sector. Using Factor analysis to spatially disaggregate meteorological rainfall data based on commonality and employing an econometric simultaneous model the study finds determination of sectoral GDP performances in the economy ...Investment Behavior in India: What led to Investment Slowdown and how to...
The importance of investment for improved productivity and economic growth has been well established in both theoretical and empirical literature. Investment slowdown has been the subject of intense debate in recent years. Most of the existing debates have been around aggregate investment but disaggregate investment at institution wise and assets wise may ...Do Absorptive Capacities matter for FPI-Growth Nexus? Evidence from...
Since the 1990s, there has been an increase in the volume of Foreign Portfolio Investments (FPI) flowing to developing economies. Theoretically, FPI inflows are supposed to promote economic growth by lowering cost of capital, increasing investment, diversifying risk and developing the financial sector. However, FPI – being short term investments – may ...Mobility at the Lower Echelons?Evidence Based on Slum Household Panel Data...
This paper based on the household panel data collected from the slum surveys in the national capital of India notes that the extent of mobility is not uniform across slum households, which in the literature is interpreted as time independent mobility. It tries to identify the determinants of mobility through various econometric ...IMPACT OF OUTWARD FDI: Evidence from Emerging Economies for Policy
The study makes an attempt to contribute to the ongoing policy debate on whether OFDI has a complementary or substitution effect on domestic investment and hence, growth. For the purpose, the current paper uses panel data analysis to understand the impact of OFDI for 14 emerging economies in the period 1981-2019. We ...Including musculoskeletal diseases in the health policy agenda in...
Morbidity due to Musculoskeletal Diseases (MSDs) has been rising steadily both globally and in India – fuelled primarily by lifestyle/behavioural factors and occupational risks. In India, MSDs are yet to find a place in discussions around non-communicable diseases. This exploratory study was an attempt to fill this gap. It used the 75th ...Agglomeration Economies and Rural to Urban Migration: A District Level...
Keeping in view the concept of agglomeration economies and the New Economic Geography (NEG) angle, this paper makes an attempt to examine the rural to urban population movement at the district level in India. The findings tend to confirm that higher levels of urbanisation and higher migration rates are not strongly associated. ...Social Demographics and Health Achievements: An Ecological Analysis of...
The National Rural Health Mission of India was expected to have two broad kinds of impacts on institutional delivery and immunization coverage. First, to significantly increase institutional delivery and immunization coverage levels across all districts and, second, to enhance equity by reducing utilization gaps between districts with higher and lower share of ...India’s Cartel Penalty Practices, Optimal Restitution and Deterrence
We analyze the cartel penalty regime in India in light of the literature on optimal penalty for restitution and deterrence, as well as current penalty practices in different jurisdictions. Our analysis reveals that though India’s Competition Act allows for a much harsher penalty than other jurisdictions in cartel cases, the actual practices ...Revisiting Reports of the First National Labour Commission & the...
From 1940s onwards and well into the 1970s, labour policy had revolved around principles of tripartism and protection of labour rights; in contrast, from the late 1980s onwards, policy discourse sought to legitmise a shift from protection of labour rights to a deregulation of labour laws. Major shifts in labour policy agendas ...Policy Analysis beyond Development Economics: Questions for Labour...
From 1940s onwards and well into the 1970s, labour policy had revolved around principles of tripartism and protection of labour rights; in contrast, from the late 1980s onwards, policy discourse sought to legitmise a shift from protection of labour rights to a deregulation of labour laws. Major shifts in labour policy agendas ...EXPLORING THE CONVERGENCE PUZZLE IN INDIA: Combining neoclassical and...
The study of economic growth across countries is highly rewarding. Understanding the varied patterns of growth across countries is crucial because disparities in growth rates have, in due course of time, led to gaps in living standards and ‘welfare’. The Economic Survey 2016-17 (2017)conducts an empirical exercise for the ß-convergence for i) ...Growth Matters? Revisiting the Enigma of Child Undernutrition in India
Higher economic growth in the post-liberalization phase since the 1990s was expected to translate into rapid all around improvements in well-being of the people. A notable exception in defiance of this association is apparent in the form of a persistently high level of child undernutrition in the face of rapid economic growth ...COSTING OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS CENTRES : A CASE STUDY OF GUJARAT
The National Health Policy 2017 recommended the establishment of Health and Wellness Centres (HWC) as the primary platform to deliver comprehensive primary health care in India and emphasised that about two-thirds of the health budget of the government should be invested on primary care. In February 2018, the government announced its plan ...What Causes Poor Child Health in India? Reflections from NFHS-5
This paper based on the data from the NFHS-5 examines various indicators of child health in India. A variety of correlates have been considered in order to understand the causes of poor health outcomes and reflect on effective strategies which may contribute to better health of the children. The inter-spatial variations bring ...Harrod-Domar Formula for Two Sector Growth Models
In this paper the much celebrated Harrod-Domar model is extended to include a non-consumable capital good. Here, growth rate of capital is directly proportional to saving rate and inversely proportional to weighted harmonic mean of capital output ratios of two sectors. Moreover, our formula includes differential prices for the two goods. Further, ...Efficiency Assessment of Maternal health services in the Aspirational...
India has achieved a momentous leap in economic growth in last few decades despite that it exhibits two disparate spectrums. At one spectrum, there are rapidly urbanizing mega-cities and wealth expansion of prosperous communities, while on the other hand a large number of people are lacking essential healthcare accessibility, social services and ...BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: Developments, Economic and Strategic...
China’s flagship project Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) launched in 2013 is meant to reshape global networks of transport infrastructure further integrating China with Asia, Europe and Africa having significant implications on trade, investment and economic and political ties of China vis-à-vis with other countries. The paper also highlights the economic as ...Employment and TFP Impact of Technologies in the Developing World:...
This study assesses the impact of technology import, input import, foreign ownership of the company and domestic innovation on productivity and employment. For this purpose, we analyze enterprises-level survey data for developing countries across the world. In terms of labour productivity, we noted that it varies inversely with all the three foreign ...COVID lockdown, how people managed and impact of welfare schemes on...
COVID-19 pandemic is likely to accentuate poverty and vulnerability of people at the margin for a number of reasons like lockdown, relocation to native places having no scope for gainful employment, health effects, opening of work with many restrictions, future uncertainty, etc. Following the lockdown in March, the central and state governments ...Cost-Benefit Analyses of Nutrition Interventions in India’s Policy...
The Government of India has launched several important nutrition and health programmes and interventions. This study is an attempt to estimate the costs and benefits accruing from the implementation of the national interventions. The benefits are measured in terms of the number of years of life saved due to decreased child mortality ...COVID-19 Pandemic and Livelihood Loss: Variations in Unemployment Outcomes...
The paper notes significant variations in the rise in the unemployment rate across regions though the nationwide lockdown was implemented without any discrimination. It explores the reasons of such disparities and notes that migration is an important factor. States with higher rates of migration and urbanisation rate, greater dependency on casual wage ...Finance and Innovation: Country-level Evidence on Role of Firm Size and...
With the increased globalization, the production processes are fragmented and the size of the firm tends to shrink under more competitive environment all over the world. Intuitively, it is assumed that small firms face much competition than the larger one that could raise innovation and receive less external finance for the same. ...Financial access of unbanked villages in India from 1951 to 2019: A...
With the increased globalization, the production processes are fragmented and the size of the firm tends to shrink under more competitive environment all over the world. Intuitively, it is assumed that small firms face much competition than the larger one that could raise innovation and receive less external finance for the same. ...The Glasses are Tinted: Self-Confidence and Poverty Trap
In an overlapping generations model, this paper looks at the effects of behavioral anomalies on human capital investments and skill distributions. In this model education is necessary but not sufficient to get a skilled job. There are three types of agents: uneducated-unskilled, educated-unskilled, educated-skilled. Behavioral anomalies are such that adults underestimate the ...Fiscal Space and Expenditure Priorities post -14th Finance Commission: A...
Inter-governmental fiscal transfers comprising specific purpose (tied/conditional) and general purpose (untied/unconditional) transfers, underwent a significant change following the 14th Finance Commission (FFC) recommendations and its subsequent acceptance by the Government of India. The FFC increased the tax devolution to states from the divisible pool and adopted a new formula for the inter-se ...The Unification Movement in Karnataka: Twin Logics of Cultural and...
The significant work on regional identities that emerged around the new standard vernacular forms in the 19th century has shown how these had offered possibilities of subsuming sectarian and hierarchical markers of belonging such as caste, religion. As imperatives towards territorial reorganization gained momentum in the years after the Bengal Partition and ...Rethinking Linguistic Unification, Spanning Political Heterogeneity:...
In the years after the Partition of Bengal in 1905, the consolidation of linguistic identities emerged as an important assertion of core democratic values positing that governance must be in a language intelligible to the majority. Like other linguistic movements in late colonial India, however, the Kannada Ekikaran movement did not progress ...Constructing an Input-Output Table for Odisha for 2013-14
This study focuses on construction of regional input-output table for the Indian state of Odisha. From 2011-12 onwards, Government of India is publishing all-India Supply-Use tables instead of Input-Output tables. Using an all-India input-output table generated from the Supply-Use table, this is an attempt to make a state level Input-Output table, and ...Importance of Scholarship Scheme in Higher Education for Students from the...
Given the challenges faced due to declining public budgets on education on one hand and the need for more resources on the other, many developed and developing countries such as India, are now examining alternative methods of subsidizing higher education to benefit students from the deprived sections. One such mechanism is scholarship ...The Role of Income Distribution in Financing Human Capital Investment
We study relations between parents’ income and children’s college graduation, using data for 20.5 million children, born during 1978-83 in the U.S. or authorized immigrants, and their parents, mobility matrices for 741 U.S. commuting zones and Markov chain model for income distribution. Graduation rates are significantly andcausally related to parents’ income shares. ...Fourth industrial revolution and India’s employment problem
International Journal of social EconomicsDemystifying causal inference: ingredients of a recipe
In the last few decades, scholars have contributed to a flourishing literature on casual inference and the demand for its application in areas like programme evaluation has increased. Our suggestion is that the following ingredients are useful for demystifying causal inference in introductory courses: (1) using the potential outcomes and causal graph ...COVID-19 AND INDIAN ECONOMY: Impact on Growth, Manufacturing, Trade and...
We make a preliminary assessment of Covid-19 on Indian economy by analyzing its impact on growth, manufacturing, trade and MSME sector. The impact of the Pandemic across sectors and in different scenarios of complete, extended and partial lockdown and at different levels of capacity utilisation is massive on the Indian economy. India’s ...Assessing Marine Plastic Pollution in India
Rampant use of plastics and inefficient waste management practices have led to the plastic waste being either piled up on dumpsites or finding their way into the open sea contributing to global problem of marine plastic pollution. The marine debris is a matter of grave concern both for marine biota and humans ...Estimating Social Time Preference Rate for India:Lower Discount Rates for...
This paper provides estimates of social time preference rate for the appraisal of investment projects in India, It uses generalized Ramsay rule that accounts for impatience and wealth effects and precautionary effects of uncertain future consumption on rate of discount.Using relevant data from different sources for India, all three components of Ramsey ...Kuznets’ tension in India: Two episodes
Developing countries face a trade-off between the twin objectives of structural transformation and inclusive growth. This is the ‘developer’s dilemma’. This study analyses the dilemma as it manifested itself in the Indian context, and identifies two distinct episodes over the post-independence period. We characterize these two episodes as ‘inclusion without growth’ and ...G20’s Effectiveness in Turbulent and Normal Times
This paper examines the G20’s effectiveness in turbulent as opposed to normal times. The forum’s 2008-09 performance remains unparalleled as consensus, cooperation and collective action has eluded it since. This paper examines the G20’s efficacy in the two polar situations through a simple empirical exercise that employs efficiency scores constructed from word ...